The Water Table of Democracy: Can Zambia’s President Bridge the Gap?

The swearing-in of Hakainde Hichilema for his second term as Zambian president has brought forth a mix of hope and trepidation. His election victory in 2021 was seen as a testament to Zambia’s commitment to peaceful transfers of power, but the contested nature of this latest election has cast a shadow over that reputation.

Zambia’s transition to multiparty democracy in 1991 has been marked by periods of progress and backsliding. Concerns about the independence of institutions have intensified due to the closure of courts during the presidential election petition period and interruptions in the announcement of election results.

Hichilema’s promise of reconciliation is a welcome development, but it remains to be seen whether he will follow through on his words with concrete actions. Analyst Ngobola Cengelo Muyembe notes that reconciliation begins by acknowledging the diversity of opinions within the electorate, rather than just focusing on those who voted for Hichilema.

The Challenges of Reconciliation

Reconciliation is a complex process that requires more than just rhetoric from the president. As Raymond, a self-employed Zambian, pointed out, Hichilema should look beyond his supporters and govern across Zambia’s political and ethnic divisions. This means giving young people a greater voice, as artist Mazuba Nzabuka suggested, and ensuring that those who did not vote for him feel included in the decision-making process.

The treason charges against Hichilema’s main challenger, Brian Mundubile, raise questions about the independence of institutions and whether they can operate impartially when dealing with political opponents. The timing of these arrests is particularly suspicious, given the context of the election.

Economic Stability vs. Household Relief

While Hichilema points to progress in stabilizing Zambia’s economy, many Zambians are waiting for those gains to reach their homes. Mutinta Mushabati, who attended Hichilema’s inauguration, is one such person. She is encouraged by the president’s promises of new allowances and social cash transfers, but she knows that these benefits will only be effective if they reach ordinary households.

Muyembe compares the economy to a reservoir that may be full while the pipes carrying water to individual homes remain blocked. This analogy highlights the disconnect between national economic indicators and the experience of ordinary Zambians. It is a challenge that Hichilema’s second term will have to address if he wants to truly deliver on his promises.

A Test for Democracy

The question of whether Zambia’s institutions can operate independently when dealing with political opponents is likely to remain part of the debate surrounding Hichilema’s second term. This is not just a challenge for Hichilema, but also for the country as a whole. As Muyembe notes, protecting political speech and allowing opponents to openly challenge the government will be crucial to rebuilding confidence in Zambia’s democratic institutions.

Hichilema’s success will depend on his ability to bridge the gap between his promises and the realities faced by ordinary households. If he can deliver on his vision for a more inclusive and equitable society, it may help to heal the wounds of the past and restore confidence in Zambia’s democratic institutions.